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HS 105 - Psychology and Vocational Aspects of Rehabilitation

Why do we cite our sources?

Citing your sources...

  • helps readers of your paper to identify the sources of the information you used

  • helps you find the information you used, later on

  • helps you avoid plagiarism because it shows which ideas are yours and which ideas belong to another person

  • is expected for college-level and professional-level academic work

Plagiarism

"Plagiarism" means submitting work that is someone else's as one's own. For example, copying material from a book or other source without acknowledging that the words or ideas are someone else's, and not one's own, is plagiarism. If a student copies an author's words exactly, he or she should treat the passage as a direct quotation and supply the appropriate citation. If someone else's ideas are used, even if it is paraphrased, appropriate credit should be given. Lastly, a student commits plagiarism when a term paper is purchased and/or submitted which he or she did not write. For more information on Plagiarism see the tab: Avoiding Plagiarism on this page.

APA Style

APA Style

APA style is a set of guidelines developed to help writers express their ideas and research findings clearly and consistently. APA Style was developed by the American Psychological Association and is used in the social sciences, including psychology.

This online guide is designed to help students with several basic areas of APA Style including:

  • Citing print and online sources in a references page at the end of a paper
  • Citing sources in the body of the paper (sometimes called in-text citations)
  • Basic formatting of the paper
  • Avoiding plagiarism

Writing Styles

WRITING STYLE

Avoid writing in first-person.  APA style papers should be written in third-person.

  • Avoid: I studied the effect of...
  • Allowed: We studied the effect of...
  • Preferred: Respondents indicated their preference for...

Be concise and clear

  • Avoid vague statements
  • Present information clearly
  • Eliminate unnecessary words

Style matters

  • Write objectively
  • Avoid poetic or flowery language

 


AVOIDING BIAS

Be sensitive to labels

  • Avoid identifying groups by a disorder
    Avoid: schizophrenics
    Allowed: people diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • Avoid outdated or inappropriate labels
  • When you must label a group, try to use a term that group prefers

Gender pronouns

  • Gender refers to a social role
  • Sex refers to biological characteristics

APA how to..

APA - How to do your Reference List

APA - Journal Articles

APA - Citing Websites

APA - in-Text Citations

APA - Book Citations